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BlogBenessere quotidianoGli sport di endurance e l’integrazione proteica
Gli sport di endurance e l’integrazione proteica

Gli sport di endurance e l’integrazione proteica

Gli sport di endurance e l’integrazione proteica

 Lo sportivo di endurance è soggetto, durante un esercizio fisico, ad un’ossidazione di amminoacidi, soprattutto quelli ramificati (valina, leucina ed isoleucina), che contribuiscono a produrre energia. Il catabolismo proteico ricopre una percentuale di dispendio calorico dal 6 al 15%, per un’ora di allenamento intenso, infatti, il fabbisogno proteico, in questi casi, aumenta e la richiesta varia da 1.4 a 1.8 grammi per kg di peso corporeo.

Le proteine non possono essere immagazzinate, come invece avviene per glucidi e lipidi, quindi il loro apporto deve essere costante. Uno scarso apporto proteico rallenta il recupero, riducendo la resistenza alle malattie e il tono muscolare. Un atleta che assume poche proteine e si allena intensamente rischia la fase di cosiddetto sovrallenamento. Le proteine, dal momento che svolgono un’azione ricostruttrice, dovrebbero essere assunte anche prima di dormire, per diminuire l’effetto catabolico del digiuno notturno.

Una buona quota proteica e una buona integrazione di amminoacidi ramificati e glutammina sono fondamentali per il recupero muscolare e mentale dell’atleta ed, allo stesso tempo, è necessario assumere le giuste quantità di carboidrati e lipidi per evitare il catabolismo proteico. Il giorno dopo l’evento agonistico, l’atleta subisce una forte regressione muscolare, per cui è fondamente che recuperi velocemente e si depuri dai metaboliti della fatica; in primis è necessario recuperare l’acqua: la quota consigliata da reintregare, esclusa quella introdotta con il cibo, è di circa due litri. Oltre l’acqua, è fondamentale recuperare le scorte di glucidi che hanno fornito la quota energetica durante lo sforzo fisico. L’utilizzo di proteine deve essere limitato nelle 24/36 ore successive all’evento agonistico intenso di endurance, mentre le vitamine consigliate sono quelle idrosolubili (gruppo B), preferibilmente associate al glutatione.

Come comportarsi a tavola prima dell’ evento agonistico?

Se l’evento agonistico è previsto di mattina, la sera precedente è consigliato consumare una buona quota di carboidrati complessi, una porzione moderata di verdure, preferibilmente cotte, ed una piccola quota di proteine (derivate da pesce o carni bianche). La colazione va fatta almeno tre ore prima e prevede una porzione di carboidrati complessi a IG (indice glicemico) medio, abbinata a proteine in polvere idrolizzate o amminoacidi essenziali. Circa 40 minuti prima dell’evento agonistico, è consigliabile sorseggiare una miscela con ciclodestrine, amminoacidi ramificati e glutammina.

Se l’evento agonistico è previsto di pomeriggio, la colazione oltre ai carboidrati complessi, deve contenere proteine solide, come uova e prosciutto, e bresaola; il pranzo, da consumare circa 4 ore prima, deve prevedere cereali complessi con proteine in polvere e acidi grassi essenziali Omega 3.

Durante la gara è consigliabile sorseggiare una miscela con ciclodestrine, amminoacidi ramificati e glutammina, ogni 20 minuti.

Come comportarsi dopo lo sforzo fisico?

La fase post evento agonistico si divide in due momenti importantissimi.

Il primo momento è quelloimmediatamente successivo allo sforzo fisico in cui bisogna recuperare subito i glucidi e gli amminoacidi persi, è consigliato, pertanto, assumere una soluzione con carboidrati ad alto indice glicemico, amminoacidi ramificati in rapporto 4.1.1 e glutammina, con almeno 1 litro di acqua.

Il secondo momento, circa 50 minuti dopo l’evento, prevede l’assunzione di sali minerali e carboidrati; si consiglia, inoltre, un estratto di verdure con aggiunta di zenzero, limone e acqua di cocco, per rimineralizzare e detossificare l’organismo acido, dopodichè si consiglia di assumere una porzione di cereali complessi e una fonte di proteine nobili.

Rosario Calvanese
Dottore in scienze della nutrizione

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